The+Cold+War+The+Early+Years

Mara Peoples May 20, 2011 History 8-4 C opy this page onto a new page in your online notebook. To get an overview of the origins of the Cold War, begin by reading [|Allies to Enemies: Origins of the Cold War] from ABC-CLIO. **Use pages 794-799 in //Creating America// and** **[|“The Cold War” research list on ABC-CLIO] ** **to develop a complete description** **for each event or idea from the early years of the Cold War.** **This information will help set the stage for tomorrow's activity. Use the first entry as an example for detail.**

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 * **THE YALTA CONFERENCE**
 * Meeting near the end of WWII - big 3 meet to discuss post war Europe
 * Germany will be divided, controlled by the Allies
 * Liberated Eastern European countries will have new elections
 * United Nations will be formed
 * USSR is given great influence over Eastern Europe, and new government must be "Soviet friendly"

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 * the roots of the Cold War are established || [[image:turningpoints2010:yalta.jpg height="227" align="center" caption="yalta.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:un.gif align="center" caption="un.gif"]] || **THE UNITED NATIONS**
 * Watch dog for the world for 50 years
 * An association of independent and sovereign states.
 * Established to maintain international peace and security and promote international cooperation for the creation of positive political, economic, and social conditions.
 * FDR first used the term "United Nations" in the Declaration by United Nations written during World War II
 * The charter was ratified on October 24 1944, and the UN officially came into being. United Nations Day has been celebrated on October 24 of each year since. ||
 * **CONTAINMENT**
 * A policy that was implemented for the first time by the USA in 1947 as a response to communism.
 * The policy was meant to prevent the growth of a hostile country's territory
 * It also limits the country's ideological influence || [[image:turningpoints2010:kennan.jpg height="218" align="center" caption="kennan.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:truman.jpg align="center" caption="truman.jpg"]] || **THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE**
 * On March 12, 1947 President Truman wrote in a message to Congress a foreign policy doctrine for the United States in the early days of the cold war that became known as the Truman Doctrine
 * The doctrine mandated an active role for the US in containing the spread of communism
 * Mostly pertained to Greece and Turkey, two countries that were in need of economic aid.
 * The Truman Aid provided the 2 countries with $400 Million
 * The Truman Doctrine laid the groundwork for the Marshall Plan. It extended similar aid to all of Western Europe and also formed the backbone of America's cold war policy and led to both financial and military entanglements throughout the world, including the wars in Korea and Vietnam. ||
 * **THE MARSHALL PLAN**
 * Helped boost the economies of Europe
 * The plan was to revive the war-torn economies of Europe
 * Was named after Truman's Secretary of State George C. Marshall and offered $13 billion in aid to western and southern Europe
 * Plan helped the nation of Europe rebuild
 * The Allies had decided to turn Germany into 4 zones that was controlled by the Soviet Union, France, Great Britain, and the United States || [[image:turningpoints2010:marshall.jpg align="center" caption="marshall.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:airlift.jpg height="261" align="center" caption="airlift.jpg"]] || **THE BERLIN BLOCKADE AND AIRLIFT**
 * The Berlin Airlift was a huge transfer of essential supplies flown into Berlin during 1948-1949 by British and U.S. forces
 * Important incident of the Cold War and most extraordinary peacetime military operation in history
 * more than 277,264 flights were made into Berlin carrying 2,343,315 tons of food and coal
 * 1,298 flights lifted 12,940 tons of supplies into the city. The lives of 75 British and American airmen were lost during the period
 * **NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT**
 * In 1948 the alarm over communist control of Eastern Europe, which led to formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization also known as the NATO
 * The NATO alliance included the United States, Canada, and ten Western European nations
 * In response to the NATO the Soviet Union and Eastern European nations formed the Warsaw Pact || [[image:turningpoints2010:nato.png height="286" align="center" caption="nato.png"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg height="229" align="center" caption="19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg"]] || **THE RED SCARE, THE ROSENBERGS, AND HUAC**
 * Red Scare refers to the irrational but rampant fear of communism that has swept the United Sates twice in the 20th century
 * The first red scare was after World War I in the time where there was hysteria over labor strikes ad protest movements
 * The second red scare occurred during a period of the Cold War when Americans were concerned with communism.
 * Many events within this period included the fall of China to communism, the Rosenberg trial, and the McCarthy hearing ||
 * **COMMUNISM IN CHINA**
 * After feeling threatened by UN while invading North Korea many Chinese communists joined the battle. || [[image:turningpoints2010:PRCFounding.jpg align="center" caption="PRCFounding.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:korean67.gif height="225" align="center" caption="korean67.gif"]] || **THE KOREAN WAR**


 * No need to take notes - you will have a different assignment and activity** ||
 * **MCCARTHYISM** * A republican Senator from Wisconsin named Joseph McCarthy
 * He used the Korean War to fan American's fear of communism
 * He had a list of 205 State Departments officials who belonged to the Communist Party
 * The term Mcarthyism came to stand for reckless charges against innocent citizen || [[image:turningpoints2010:180px-Joseph_McCarthy.jpg align="center" caption="180px-Joseph_McCarthy.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:1sputnik.jpg height="225" align="center" caption="1sputnik.jpg"]] || **THE SPACE RACE**
 * Superpowers had started a space race
 * The Soviet Union stunned the whole world by sending the worlds 1st space satellite known as Sputnik
 * This meant that the Soviet Union had enough missile power to reach the United States
 * The American scientists raced to launch a satellite which congress had set aside billions of dollars for ||